The History of Cryptocurrency

 If you are not very familiar with cryptocurrencies or would like to get acquainted with its history, I recommend reading this post.

The science of cryptography was first used in the World War II to transmit military messages, but over time these cryptographies were applied to other fields as well.

Leading American scientist David Chaum first used the term cryptocurrencies, and experts have since paid more attention to the concept.

Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that uses cryptographic technology in its design and is usually managed decentrally. Because cryptocurrencies are emerging phenomena and new instances of them are created, their definitions have also been mentioned in various sources.

Blockchain technology was first introduced in the 1990s. In 2009, after the global economic crisis, a decentralized cryptocurrency called bitcoin based on blockchain technology was introduced by an unknown individual or group nicknamed Satoshi Nakamoto. Hidden and untraceable. Institutions have repeatedly tried to identify this person or group, but access to this identity has become increasingly complex (it's exciting, isn't it?)

The security of these cryptocurrencies is ensured by encrypted algorithms, based on which it is possible to generate a certain amount of bitcoin per day. Perhaps the aim of the anonymous Satoshi Nakamoto was to prevent the uncontrolled production of unsupported money and the destructive inflationary effects of governments, as well as to build trust based on cryptographic algorithms, which is, of course, the most optimistic reason for the cryptocurrencies. This cryptocurrency was of little value at first because it was not accepted by the general public, but over time and with the increase in trust that arose, its price increased so much so that many people around the world wish they had bought and maintained it in the very first days of its existence (how about you?)


Expanding the use of cryptocurrencies in various fields

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency, and since its inception, other cryptocurrencies have emerged, each with its own unique features and popularity, such as the Ethereum cryptocurrency created in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, and even in terms of technology. It was more advanced than Bitcoin. With the advent of Ethereum, new concepts such as smart contracts and self-regulatory organizations (DAOs) were formed in the world of cryptocurrencies, and we witnessed a kind of revolution in this fledgling industry. Subsequently, other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoincash, Cardano, Lightcoin, Ripple, Lumen, Monero, Zecash, Binancecoin and hundreds of other cryptocurrencies emerged. Each of these cryptocurrencies has its own uses and features that have led to its use in various industries, such as cryptocurrencies like Tether used to maintain the value of money (known as a stable coin) because of its stability against common currencies. But the price of some other cryptocurrencies, such as the stock market, fluctuates and can be used as a tool for investment.

Despite the initial ambiguities and concerns, cryptocurrencies can now be exchanged, traded, bought online, etc., like other Fiat currencies (without backing), and the number of people who are attracted to this relatively young market is increasing every day. 

In 2009, Bitcoin was created as the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Since then, several cryptocurrencies have been created, many of which are called alternative currencies or, in the most optimistic case, serious competitors to bitcoin. The exchange of cryptocurrencies is subject to national and international law, which can guarantee its recognition and validity. Countries have not yet made a definite and transparent decision on the legal use or production of this type of currency, although several countries have recently tried to legislate and monitor this market.


Unique features of cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies have unique and attractive features that have led to their globalization and growing popularity. The most important of these features are the following:

1.       Being digital

Cryptocurrencies are not physical in nature and are just zero and one codes registered in the network. In fact, cryptocurrency does not really exist and is only available in cyberspace.

 

2.       Decentralization

One of the important features of cryptocurrencies is decentralization, for example, no institution controls cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and is not in the possession, authority or ownership of a particular government or organization (one of the important reasons why crypto market participants use these currencies as much as possible).

 

3.       Face to face exchange

Cryptocurrencies use a direct system to trade. In this system, people can buy and sell digital currencies without any intermediaries.

 

4.       Maintaining identity and anonymity

When using cryptos, there is no need to identify users and each user is identified by their digital wallet address. You send some of the crypto to someone else whose wallet address you have, and the recipient receives it. The whole network examines this process to make sure everything is done properly and in accordance with the principles. The only thing others know about you when transferring a digital asset is your wallet address.

 

5.       Reduce costs and speed up transactions

Because transactions and payments are made directly between users, cryptocurrencies can eliminate the infrastructure, processing, and costs associated with infrastructure and taxes by eliminating intermediaries, unlike traditional payment methods.

 

6.       Simplicity and transparency of transactions

Because it is possible to see all transactions on the network in direct transactions with cryptocurrencies, this system can contribute to a simpler and more transparent turnover (contrary to what negatives believed).

 

7.       Controlling inflation and preventing the improper production of banknotes

Cryptocurrencies are not generated indiscriminately, and there is no government or organization that can produce and market cryptocurrencies whenever it wants. A cryptocurrency like Bitcoin has a limited number of coins (21 million bitcoins) that become more difficult and complex to produce over time.

 

8.       Inclusiveness and facilitation of business globalization

Crypto is a global phenomenon that no one can control and no institution can boycott (which I think could be a way to distribute justice to all the people of the world). Without the need for intermediaries, these types of currencies can be transferred from anywhere in the world to anyone and anywhere in the world. Of course, this remains a double-edged sword and increases the risks of corruption and the existence of baseless and useless money in societies.

 

The unparalleled popularity cryptocurrencies has also provided a good opportunity for cybercriminals to steal large sums of money by hacking user accounts and hacking into the digital currency exchange platforms. The widespread hacking of several large exchanges and their closure indicates this.

The question is, how is crypto produced? Those who succeed in producing cryptocurrencies are called miners and this process is called mining. Each time the miners solve complex mathematical equations, a block is added to the blockchain in the network. Extracting cryptocurrencies is a difficult process requiring devices with enormous computing power and in some cases, very high graphics power.

The work process of miners can be summarized in 3 parts:

·         Get deals

·         Confirm and seal transactions

·         Broadcast transactions on the network

A cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, is made up of peer-to-peer networks having no intermediaries such as banks or financial institutions, and retains the history of all registered transactions; Therefore, the balance of each account is also in it. The transaction is detected very quickly in any network, but the confirmation takes place after a certain period of time. Confirmation of transaction is an important concept in cryptocurrencies; It can be said that the validity of the cryptocurrencies is due to the confirmation that occurs. Until a transaction is approved, it cannot be determined whether the transaction is genuine or counterfeit. Once a transaction is approved, it will be irrevocable and can no longer be forged or canceled. The task of certifying transactions is the responsibility of the miners, and in fact this is considered as their job and in return for this, it is received as crypto pay.

The phenomenon of cryptocurrencies and its widespread use in the world trade has provided the basis for many countries around the world to be encouraged to use these new technology-based financial instruments and to develop and approve appropriate guidelines and policies accordingly. Based on this, we can boldly consider the emergence of blockchain and a popular product of this technology, namely cryptocurrencies, as one of the most important events of the last few years.


The Differences and similarities between cryptocurrencies and actual money

There are many differences between cryptocurrencies and common currencies, including the following:

·         Existential nature: Crypto is not physical in nature but is a string of code that is registered on the blockchain network, however, common currencies, such as dollar, pound and euro, are physical in nature and their production and movement are predetermined by the banking and government systems.

·         Backing: Backing paper money is basically the gold in the government coffers, but cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, do not have a specific backing. The cryptocurrencies are backed by people's demand, acceptance and trust in the network.

·         Intermediaries: The use of cryptocurrencies does not require intermediaries and the network works on a peer-to-peer basis. In this system, any person without intermediaries can send their currencies to another person, but to use paper money, users need intermediaries such as banks.

·         Irrevocability: If there is a problem during the crypto transfer and the crypto is sent to the wrong address, it is not possible to return the currency, but in case of mistaken transfer of paper money, it is possible to return the money with the necessary follow-ups, so be sure to enter the right address.


 What is the policy of governments towards this new phenomenon?

Because cryptocurrencies are an important feature of decentralization, their lack of control by a particular government, and the anonymity of the owner, most governments see this type of currency as destabilizing the monetary system and increasing crimes such as smuggling and money laundering. Regulation of cryptocurrencies has become one of the biggest issues for legislators in 2018, and many countries are still seeking to issue guidelines for regulatory and legal issues in dealing with these currencies. Authorities in some countries have been forced to ban cryptocurrencies instead of resolving the issue due to the lack of legislation, or have used strict authentication and property tax methods to curb them. Some other countries have accepted the risk of capital outflows, allowing businesses to operate before the law is enacted.


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